Posts Tagged ‘Tiffany’

Who Is Hobbes’s Fool?

Posted by shoping on October 8th, 2007

Does fulfilling one’s obligations to others satisfy one’s own interest? Many philosophers and humanists say “NO”. One of the famous humanists, Hobbes, thinks that it is the feature of a “Fool” to think that it is not very profitable to follow the agreement made with the person, who had fulfilled his provisions of the agreement. Supposing, that in this situation only one party to the agreement gains all the profits and benefits, the Fool finds that it would be better for him to break the agreement, because he would save the costs of compliance. So, if the consideration of the Fool is correct, would the other party to the agreement act the same way?

David Hume touched the same question in his famous work “Farmer’s Dilemma”. This book tells the story of two neighboring farmers. Each of them expected a rich harvest of corn. Each of the farmers asked his neighbor to help him in gathering this harvest when it ripens. When the harvest ripens at different times, two farmers were sure to help each other, but they did not. The thing is that none of the farmers wanted to be in the position of Hobbes’s Fool: each of them realized that if he would help the other first, then he would not help him later, as there would be no profit.

Hume wanted to show that a lot of people are afraid to perform some actions as they do not trust each other. It is impossible to predict what the person would do, if he could help you without having any benefits for himself. The similar situation may occur when two sides sign a contract and none of the party can be sure that it would not be in the position of this Hobbes’s Fool and would get its benefit from the contract.

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Is it Possible to Prove the Miracle?

Posted by shoping on October 4th, 2007

One more statement in discussing the belief in a miracle is the testimony in opposition to the reality. He asserts that it forms a strong supposition against all paranormal actions, that they are observed to flourish among unaware and barbarous associates; or if well-bred people have ever given access to them, they will receive them from those unaware associates, who transmitted them with unbreakable approve, which always go to professed opinions. In this case a lot of things, that are considered miraculous in history, would not be such nowadays. The reality that most people believed long time ago, later is considered false or exaggerations. At different times people had different understanding of miracles; it depended on the political situation and scientific progress. For example, if nowadays the appearance of television or DVD is normal, some centuries ago everybody regarded it as a miracle. So, Hume discredits miracles to the period when this miracle takes place and the reality of people at that period. Hume says that during certain times we told about miracles from the point of view of travelers.
The last statement that Hume gives to disapprove miracles is that there must be certain number of witnesses to prove the miracle. He is sure that the witness should give the same testimony of the event. It would be better if as more people as possible could witness the same event, as consequences help to define the realism of the event. Hume finds difficulty in the belief or truthfulness of any person and difficulty to distinguish what is true or what is false in any place of history. Even a court of justice that is entitled to find out the truth, can not define with assurance if the event is real or not. If it is relied on the society through arguments and rumors, it would be very difficult to believe in miracle.

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Miracles: For or Against

Posted by shoping on October 4th, 2007

To support the idea of a miracle, Hume gives some statements or arguments, which show that yet there were not any cases or events which can be called miraculous that are happening against the laws of nature. The first argument is that history still does not know any mysterious event with the satisfactory amount of witnesses to prove it. He asks the honesty of the men the reputation they have in society. If the man has good reputation, only then it is possible to believe his testimony. Hume always asks questions that can support the idea of miracles, but there are no real answers. So it brings to the conclusion that the testimony of the miracle is impossible to find.
Many scientists and philosophers studied the beliefs of people. Hume also views all the beliefs or convictions that people accepted or not accepted. Besides, he tends to bring into disrepute by playing on the human’s perception or sense of reality. He uses the words that mean the same as “excitement” to describe miracle. Even the person who can not enjoy the pleasure will still believe in a miracle, despite of the possible soundness of the miracle. He wants to say that it is very easy to make people believe in something, just using proper words. Miracles lead to such strong temptations that people can lose the sense of the faith of fantasy and truth. People have the ability to believe in real as well in unreal things and in gossips. The aspiration to know something new and unreal is the feature of the humans. Through the emotions and actions Hume tends to consider there are a lot of counterfeit miracles in spite of the fact whether the information is true or not.

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The Fourth Reason why ignorance in metaphysic for most people is just happiness

Posted by shoping on October 3rd, 2007

The Fourth Reason why ignorance in metaphysic for most people is just happiness
consists in the belief that only a man whose soul and mind are pure and who is calm and faithful is really able to achieve intellectual perfection . Intellectual perfection calls for moral behavior which often turns to be too hard task for most men who are lead by their physical constitution. To refer to this Maimonides gives such an instance: healthy testicles and hormonal explosions of the body tempt men to make the sin of passion, even if he does his best to oppose that disposal, by taking actions in order to restrict him. Loss of self control leading to the practice of wanking or sex would be a real obstacle to gain the knowledge on metaphysics according to Maimonides. Most do not even try to restrict themselves. Such men can never reach the perfection. It makes no sense for them to keep on studying Metaphysics. Maimonides connects celibacy with the highest degree of moral conduct. Celibacy includes such a moral readiness that makes young men unable to gain such knowledge.
Writings of the Rabbis prescribe the admission of a person into debates on metaphysics based on discrimination in social qualities, and learning of philosophy. Also, the one willing to be involved in this not simple matter should be distinguished by some clear-sightedness, eloquence, and ability to communicate by means of allusions. To such a nominee the secrets of the Law can be trusted.
In addition to the good metaphysics qualification a certain age experience with age is necessarily required. According to Maimonides , Metaphysical topics are unacceptable themes in the presence of common people, of kids, and of women.

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The importance of the preparatory subjects demonstrated by facts and examples

Posted by shoping on October 3rd, 2007

He who reaches metaphysical matters without proper preparation is like a person who on his way towards some certain place falls into a deep pit on the road and cannot get out of it, so he have to perish there. If he had not set out, but had stayed at home, it would have been the best choice for him, because no pits would occur on his way. Governed by laziness, such a man can only desire. Solomon holds him up to ridicule advising not to desire at all if he can’t take steps to carry out his desire. Therefore, Solomon points out that only a man who gives to everything he comes across its due portion is really virtuous. And this fact is purely unquestionable.
Most academic failures, such as those happened from time to time in different fields of science, are due to a rashness to hurry up experimentation for promising results by denying of giving the preparatory subjects their due credit. Instead they strive to prove the latter to be even harmful or just useless and unnecessary. Maimonides declares, that in the end the truth will come out, no matter how hard you try to hide it. It seems quite obvious that this remark is made against those scientists who do not really believe in the possibility of any farsight and treat science as a separated of any other studies field.

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